Assam-Arunachal border dispute explained in upsc exam point of view

Q1: Analyze the difference in demarcating borders of ASSAM which resulted in Assam-Arunachal border disputes.

Question from FEBRUARY 4 2022 | Master 2022

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HINTS

Boundary demarcation between Assam and Mizoram is different from other divisions till 1972 as current state of Arunachal Pradesh was part of Assam. In 1954The administrative jurisdiction was passed over to Assam, with frontier tracts renamed as Northeast Frontier Agency (NEFA) . Later in 1972, it was declared as UT and attained full statehood in 1987

Brief history of Assam-Arunachal border dispute

1873 Demarcation: The dispute dates back to the British era when in 1873 British announced inner line regulation. British demarcated planes and frontier Hills, which were later designated as North-East frontier tracts in 1915. These Northeast frontier tracts make up today’s Arunachal Pradesh.
1951 Transfer: In 1951, a subcommittee headed by Assam Chief Minister made some recommendations about the administration of NEFA. Based on the committee report, 3648 sq. km of the plain area was transferred from Arunachal Pradesh to Assam’s then Darrang and Lakhimpur districts. Arunachal Pradesh refuses to accept this notification, and this has become a bone of contention.

Difference in demarcating borders & border disputes.

Differences	Causes of disputes	Consequences
Difference in perception	Assam feels that the demarcation as per 1951 notification is constitutional and legal. Arunachal Pradesh holds that the transfer was done without consultation of its people. It was arbitrary, defective and no tribal leader from Arunachal Pradesh was consulted.	AP calls it arbitarary, defective and no tribal leaders consulted. They rejected borders leading to conflict and violence.
3648sq.km land transferred.	Arunachal Pradesh had customary rights over these lands and the tribes paid taxes to Ahom rulers.	Frequent conflicts.
In 1983-84, demarcation	In 1983-84, out of 800 km, 489 km was demarcated.	Further demarcation could not take place, as Arunachal Pradesh did not accept the recommendations.

Assam filed a case in Supreme Court in 1989, highlighting encroachment made by Arunachal Pradesh. The Court constituted a commission in 2006. The commission submitted its report in 2014 and called for resolution through consensus and discussions.
Conflicts over an issue are normal but going beyond limit with violence is not justifiable. Central government intervention for peaceful and amicable solution is the need of the hour.

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